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Climate Emergency |
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Sustainable production involves a delicate balance between maximizing benefits and minimizing negative impacts. Let’s explore how the use of long-lasting materials and expansion of after-sales services contribute to sustainability:
!Sustainable Future. Bing AI  Manure is a valuable organic fertilizer that can provide essential nutrients to crops and improve soil health. However, its use requires careful management to avoid unintended consequences, including the potential impact on harmful algal blooms (HABs). Let’s explore this further:
Biobakt, as a producer of biopreparations, offers a range of environmentally friendly products with various applications:
I am trying to inspire to action you need just spray oxygen to get 03 that stop UV reaching level of 19 now in Southern Hemisphere OH that allow to get rid of methane in the end you get CO2 and H2O and hopefully some rain where needed but water vapour itself is adding to temp.
SO2 from volcanoes enhance Cloud nucleation is the process by which water vapour in the air condenses into liquid or solid droplets, forming clouds. Clouds play an important role in the climate system, as they reflect and absorb solar radiation and influence precipitation. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can enhance cloud nucleation by converting into sulfate particles in the atmosphere, which can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Here's how it works:
1. **SO2 Oxidation**: SO2 can dissolve in cloud droplets and then oxidize to form sulfate (SO4²⁻). This process can occur in various types of clouds, including wave clouds². 2. **Ammonium Sulfate Formation**: The produced sulfate can react with ammonia (NH3) present in the atmosphere to form ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]. This compound is highly hygroscopic, meaning it readily takes up water, making it an effective CCN². 3. **CCN Enhancement**: The formation of ammonium sulfate enhances the number of CCN. When the cloud droplets evaporate, the ammonium sulfate particles are left behind and can act as nuclei for new cloud droplets². 4. **Effects on Particle Formation and Growth**: Interestingly, a decrease in SO2 emissions can lead to an increase in the formation rate of new particles but a decrease in their growth to CCN size¹. This is because the availability of SO2 and other precursors affects both nucleation and growth processes¹. It's important to note that while SO2 plays a significant role in cloud nucleation, other factors such as temperature, humidity, and the presence of other aerosols also influence this complex process. Additionally, changes in SO2 emissions due to human activities can impact atmospheric chemistry and cloud formation¹. Source: Conversation with Bing, 25/10/2023 (1) The Formation of Sulfates and the Enhancement of Cloud ... - AMETSOC. https://journals.ametsoc.org/.../1520-0469_1974_031_1586.... (2) ACP - Increased new particle yields with largely decreased probability .... https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/1305/2021/. (3) NOAA CSL: 2021 News & Events: Ocean sulfur helps produce new clouds. https://csl.noaa.gov/news/2021/328_1012.html. (4) ACP - Influence of atmospheric in-cloud aqueous-phase chemistry on the .... https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/16093/2021/. (5) undefined. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1305-2021. (6) undefined. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469. Stratospheric warming lead to polar vortex split and cold snaps in USA i.e. Siberia, Volcanic eruptions adding to cold in warming world   This chart shows real picture of circumstances we are facing due to Climate Change  In this blog post, I will discuss some of the challenges and opportunities of using natural gas and other fossil fuels for non-energy purposes, such as robotics and insulation. I will also propose some ways to overcome the barriers and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy.
One possible solution is to use natural gas for producing high-value goods that can generate more economic and social benefits than burning it for energy. For example, natural gas can be used to produce plastics that can be used for making robots. Robots are expected to play a key role in the future economy, as they can perform various tasks more efficiently and effectively than humans. Robots can also help address the challenges of an ageing society and lead to a steady state economy. By investing in robotics, fossil fuel companies can diversify their portfolio and create new sources of income. However, using natural gas for robotics also poses some challenges, such as ensuring environmental sustainability and social justice. For instance, how can we minimize the methane leakage and carbon footprint of natural gas production and processing? How can we ensure that the plastic waste from robots is properly recycled or disposed of? How can we prevent the displacement and exploitation of human workers by robots? How can we distribute the wealth and benefits generated by robots fairly and equitably? Another possible solution is to use fossil fuels for producing insulation materials that can improve the energy efficiency and resilience of buildings. Insulation can help reduce the heating and cooling demand of buildings, which account for a large share of global energy consumption and emissions. Insulation can also protect buildings from extreme weather events, such as heat waves and cold snaps, which are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change. Insulation can thus enhance the well-being and safety of people living in buildings. However, using fossil fuels for insulation also raises some questions, such as how to justify the public subsidies and incentives for such projects. In a market-driven economy, environmental and social values are often overlooked or undervalued by businesses that seek immediate profits. Therefore, there is a need for government intervention to support and promote the use of fossil fuels for insulation, as well as other climate actions. However, this requires a clear explanation and communication of the rationale and benefits of such policies to the public and stakeholders. In conclusion, using natural gas and other fossil fuels for non-energy purposes can offer some opportunities to mitigate climate change and create value for society. However, this also entails some challenges and trade-offs that need to be carefully considered and addressed. To overcome the barriers and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy, we need to adopt a holistic and systemic approach that integrates multiple perspectives and interests. How to Fight Climate Change with Bacteria and Oxygen Climate change is one of the most urgent challenges facing humanity today. It is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat and raise the average temperature of the planet, leading to melting ice caps, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity. One of the ways to combat climate change is to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases, especially from burning fossil fuels. However, this may not be enough to prevent the worst effects of global warming. We also need to find ways to remove the excess greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and restore the natural balance of the Earth's climate system. In this blog post, I will explore two possible solutions that involve using bacteria and oxygen to reduce the levels of methane and ozone layer depletion in the atmosphere. These are examples of geoengineering, which is the intentional manipulation of the Earth's environment to control climate change. Geoengineering is a controversial topic, as it may have unintended consequences and ethical implications. However, some scientists argue that it may be necessary as a last resort if other mitigation measures fail. Wildfire Prevention and Methane Reduction with Purple Sulphur Bacteria Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that has a warming effect 28 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. It is produced by natural sources, such as wetlands, termites, and volcanoes, as well as human activities, such as agriculture, landfills, and fossil fuel extraction. Methane has a relatively short lifespan in the atmosphere, as it reacts with hydroxyl radicals (OH) and breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. However, the concentration of methane in the atmosphere has more than doubled since the pre-industrial era, and it is currently responsible for about 20% of the human-induced radiative forcing. One of the ways to reduce methane excess is to prevent wildfires. Carbon monoxide from wildfires make hydroxyl radical more scarce, which impact on methane concentration in atmosphere. On one hand, we need to prevent wildfires, on the other hand we could try to enrich upper atmosphere in oxygen in polar regions when polar jet help build ozone layer. ' Wildfires are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change, droughts, and human activities. They not only release greenhouse gases, but also destroy forests and vegetation that act as carbon sinks. One possible solution to prevent high concentration of methane is to use purple sulphur bacteria (PSB), which are photosynthetic microorganisms that live in aquatic environments. PSB can use hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which is a flammable gas that often leaks from oil and gas wells, as an electron donor for photosynthesis. By doing so, they can convert H2S into sulphur, which is a non-flammable solid that can be used as a fertilizer. PSB can also produce organic matter that can feed other organisms and increase the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. By using PSB to consume H2S from oil and gas wells, we can reduce the risk of fire and explosion, as well as lower the emissions of methane and other greenhouse gases. This could also improve air quality and human health in areas affected by oil and gas production. However, this solution would require further research and development to ensure its feasibility, safety, and efficiency. Methanotrophs are bacteria that can use methane in their biological processes. They can lower atmospheric methane emissions, remove nitrogen in environmental and wastewater treatment systems, and even transform organic pollutants in soils 1. However, the use of methanotrophs to prevent the emission of methane from permafrost is still in the research phase. A study conducted by the University of Gothenburg demonstrated that when thawed soil dries up, emissions can decline instead of increasing 2. Another study found that changes in plant cover could limit emissions from melting permafrost, but if rainfall increases as temperatures rise, that could prevent soil from drying out, leaving wet-loving grasses to convey methane to the atmosphere 3. While the use of methanotrophs to prevent the emission of methane from permafrost is still in the research phase, it is a promising area of study that could have significant environmental benefits in the future. Ozone Layer Restoration and OH Production with Oxygen Spraying Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms (O3) that forms a layer in the stratosphere, about 15 to 35 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The ozone layer protects life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, which can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to crops and ecosystems. However, the ozone layer has been depleted by human-made chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which break down ozone molecules into oxygen atoms (O) and chlorine atoms (Cl). Although the production of CFCs has been banned by international agreements since 1987, their effects will persist for decades due to their long lifespan in the atmosphere. According to my own observations, there is a link between Climate Change and ozone depletion climate-change-and-ozone-layer.html One of the ways to restore the ozone layer is to spray oxygen (O2) into the upper troposphere, where it can react with UV radiation and form ozone molecules. This could also increase the production of hydroxyl radicals (OH), which are highly reactive molecules that can remove methane and other pollutants from the atmosphere. OH are formed by the photolysis of water vapour (H2O) in the presence of ozone. OH are short-lived in the atmosphere, as they quickly react with other molecules and form water vapour again. One possible method to spray oxygen into the upper troposphere is to use electric planes that can fly at high altitudes without emitting greenhouse gases or pollutants. These planes could be powered by renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power. They could also take advantage of the polar jet stream, which is a fast-moving air current that circulates around the poles. The polar jet stream could help disperse the oxygen over large areas and enhance its mixing with other atmospheric components. By spraying oxygen into the upper troposphere, we could boost the formation of ozone and OH, which could reduce the levels of methane and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This could also lower the global mean temperature and slow down the rate of climate change. However, this solution would also require further research and development to ensure its feasibility, safety, and efficiency. Oxygen can be derived from water by electrolysis of water. Electrolysis of water is a process that uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gas by electrolysis 1. The process involves passing an electric current through water, which causes the water molecules to break down into hydrogen and oxygen gas 1. The hydrogen gas produced in this way can be used as hydrogen fuel, but must be kept apart from the oxygen as the mixture would be extremely explosive 1. The process of water electrolysis requires a minimum potential difference of 1.23 volts, although at that voltage external heat is also required. Typically 1.5 volts is required 1. Electrolysis is rare in industrial applications since hydrogen can be produced less expensively from fossil fuels 1.
I hope this helps!
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2023170118 The European starling can transform a natural environment from one teeming with many species to one overrun by a single species.
Starlings spread disease by discarding half-eaten food sources or defecating where it is touched or ingested by another animal. A problem as mundane as high levels of bird droppings may seem trivial, but when millions of European starlings roost in a single neighbourhood for more than a few days, it can put real strain on sanitation workers and inhabitants of the area. It spread diseases, contribute to cyanobacteria growth, global worming local heatwaves, can cause problem of high CO2 level boosting solar radiation with higher methane concentration. birdfeederhub.com/reasons-why-the-european-starling-is-a-problem/ The global population was estimated to number 150,000,000 mature individuals (A. Panjabi in litt. 2017). The population in Europe, which forms approximately 55% of the global range, is estimated at 28,800,000-52,400,000 pairs, equating to 57,700,000-105,000,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). The global population of common starlings was estimated to be 310 million individuals in 2004, occupying a total area of 8,870,000 km (3,420,000 sq mi). Widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere, In Europe, the population has been undergoing a moderate decline between 1980 and 2015 (EBCC 2018). Likewise, the introduced population in North America has declined between 1970 and 2014 (51% decline between 1966 and 2015 based on the North American Breeding Bird Survey [Sauer et al. 2017]). Therefore, the global population is tentatively assessed as being in decline. New study show top 10 most abundant birds in the world, and their approximate global population estimates, are House Sparrow (1.6 billion), European Starling (1.3 billion), Ring-billed Gull (1.2 billion), Barn Swallow (1.1 billion), www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2023170118 These birds have a reputation for damaging fruit and grain crops—though they also consume harmful insects—and usurping native songbirds’ nest holes (see also invasive species). S. vulgaris feeds on the ground and flies in tight flocks; vocal year-round, it mimics other birds’ notes and utters wheezy sounds of its own. They frequently form large flocks called murmurations, which may move in synchrony in order to avoid predators. Such murmurations are avoided by aircraft, since collisions have resulted in air crashes in different parts of the world. This bird is extremely social, and large groups can number in the millions. These groups, called flocks, grow larger in the cold months, and they roost in huge numbers. When flying, these large flocks form a mass in the air, and are easily recognizable. www.nytimes.com/2022/04/04/travel/starling-murmurations.html European Starling Behaviors, Threats, or Dangers. In addition to being obnoxious and loud when in groups, starlings can cause property damage by accumulation of starling droppings. Starlings carry a plethora of diseases. Avian salmonellosis (primarily, Salmonella enterica) has been documented in starlings (Feare 1984). This disease is transmissible to humans, poultry, and livestock. Chlamydiosis (also psittacosis, ornithosis, parrot fever) usually results from inhaling Chlamydophila psittaci that lives in dried feces. Starlings and blackbirds can infect humans and domestic fowl with C. psittaci (Grimes 1978, Grimes et al. 1979, Andersen et al. 1997). Starlings also carry Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, which causes Johne’s disease in cattle (also known as paratuberculosis) (Matthews and McDiarmid 1979, Corn et al. 2005). The bacteria are excreted in feces and milk. Johne’s disease costs the United States (US) dairy industry $200-250 million, annually (Beard et al. 2001, Ott et al. 1999). Starling fecal matter can pass transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) to swine. Although the evidence is largely indirect and circumstantial, it is believed that during the winter of 1978-1979 starlings served as vectors for an outbreak of TGE in Nebraska that caused the loss of 10,000 swine in one month (Pilchard 1965, Bohl 1975, Gough et al. 1979, Johnson and Glahn 1994). Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli (STEC) is another disease the may be transmitted by starlings to cattle. In the cattle industry, annual costs of illnesses related to E. coli STEC exceeded $267 million (NCBA 2004). Humans get this disease when consuming tainted food products, especially ground beef. Knowledge of the movement patterns of starlings would be critical to understanding the real role that starlings have in epidemiologies of these diseases. By disturbing soil or flooring at blackbird and starling roosts, humans can become ill with histoplasmosis, a fungal disease of the lungs caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (DiSalvo and Johnson 1979, Storch et al. 1980). Histoplasmosis recently was reported at a manufacturing facility in Nebraska used by starlings (J. Hobbs, personal communication). People at highest risk of exposure, however, are those working in agriculture, particularly poultry, or those coming in contact with bird or bat roosts that might have been abandoned a decade or more prior to disturbance (DiSalvo and Johnson 1979). Finally, West Nile virus (WNV) was confirmed in North America in 1999 and since that time has spread across the US. This is a serious, and life-threatening disease to humans and wildlife. Sullivan et al. (2006) found that red-winged blackbirds are WNV hosts and can disperse diseases along their migratory routes. The role of starlings in dispersing WNV is unknown, but starlings can act as hosts for the virus (Bernard et al. 2001), and thus may be involved in spreading the disease among vertebrates including, humans, horses, and birds. ECONOMIC IMPACTS Pimentel et al. (2000) estimated that yearly starling damage to agriculture was US$800 million, based on a figure of US$5/ha. In 1999, three feedlot operators in Kansas estimated a loss of $600,000 from bird damage alone (US Department of Agriculture 2000). Data reported in 1968 from Colorado feedlots indicated the cost of cattle rations consumed during winter by starlings was $84 per 1,000 starlings. With the current cost of feed, the associated losses would certainly be much higher. In Idaho, some livestock facility operators estimated that starlings consumed 15 to 20 tons of cattle feed per day. The costs associated with starlings in the spread of livestock disease may be more important than food consumption. For example, the 10,000 pigs lost in Nebraska might be valued at nearly US$1.0 million in today’s market. 
As these, Slearnbirdwatching.com/birds-that-dive-bomb-humans/European starlings are of medical concern because more than 25 diseases and ectoparasites have been associated with them, their nests and droppings. Diseases include encephalitis, histoplasmosis, Newcastle disease, chlamydias and salmonellosis. The ectoparasites include primarily mite species which can bite humans or infest domestic animals, causing extreme discomfort. European starling droppings may also cause components of steel buildings to degrade and lead to significant structural damage. In addition, starlings are also known for bird strikes of aircraft, causing at least one crash with fatalities. There are a number of reasons why they engage in this aggressive behaviour: 1. Natural Instinct:For many bird species, dive-bombing is a natural instinct when they feel their nest or young are being threatened. They may view humans as a potential predator and act accordingly to protect their offspring. While this behaviour can be intimidating, it is usually not harmful to humans. To avoid being dive-bombed by European starlings, it’s important to be aware of their nesting areas and to keep a safe distance. Additionally, wearing a hat or carrying an umbrella can provide some protection from the birds’ sharp beaks.learnbirdwatching.com/birds-that-dive-bomb-humans/ I suppose it all can get wrong when we interfere with it, taking into account its mimicking abilities. And am sure that they are harmful for any environment they live in in short. All above content is directly copied from websites you which you can check for credentials.
Scavenging behaviourwww.researchgate.net/publication/233390676_Scavenging_behaviour_of_common_starlings_Sturnus_vulgaris
New study reveals alarmingly massive economic costs of biological invasions to the European Union phys.org/news/2023-06-reveals-alarmingly-massive-economic-biological.html?fbclid=IwAR35rbAlNAIIQm1za3yCdNsa5KYViyKjoZhMfF7G5bagFSvYhwFOBlZxW48
Australia has biosecurity alert:
Review of nonlethal and lethal control tools for managing the damage of invasive birds to human assets and economic activities
They possibly could help Starling Control | Starling Control Products | Bird B Gone
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